The Transatlantic Mobility Challenge
Sonja Thielges
German Institute for International and Security Affairs (SWP)
Sonja Thielges is a Geoeconomics Non-Resident Fellow. She was a DAAD/AGI Research Fellow from mid-March to mid-May 2019 and explored foreign policy interests in Germany and the United States related to the countries’ energy transitions. In Germany, she is a researcher at the Research Cluster Climate Policy and Politics at the German Institute for International and Security Affairs (SWP) in Berlin. Her research interests include climate foreign policy, the global energy transition and industrial decarbonization. Her research has been published in studies, policy papers, online blogs, and academic publications.
Prior to SWP, Sonja was head of the Industrial Decarbonization research group at the Research Institute for Sustainability (RIFS, formerly Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies, IASS) in Potsdam. She was a visiting researcher at the University of Michigan’s Center for Local, State, and Urban Policy in Ann Arbor in 2014 and previously also worked on projects at the Environmental Policy Research Centre (FFU), the Institut für Europäische Politik (IEP) Berlin, and the Centre International de Formation Européenne (CIFE). In 2017/2018, Sonja was a participant in the AGI project “A German-American Dialogue of the Next Generation: Global Responsibility, Joint Engagement,” sponsored by the Transatlantik-Programm der Bundesrepublik Deutschland aus Mitteln des European Recovery Program (ERP) des Bundesministeriums für Wirtschaft und Energie (BMWi). She completed an MA in North American Studies, Political Science, and Modern History at Freie Universität Berlin and Indiana University Bloomington and holds a PhD in political science from Freie Universität Berlin. Her PhD thesis studied climate policy discourses in the U.S. Rust Belt states.
The annual conference of the parties (COP) of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) is an important venue for stakeholders to highlight the blind spots of international climate protection efforts. The transport sector was one of them at this year’s COP23 in Bonn, missing from most countries’ climate pledges under the Paris Climate Agreement.[1] In this neglected policy area, Germany and the U.S. play an important role—as major auto industry hubs, as drivers of research, as role models, and as laboratories for socio-technical innovation.
Blind Spots in Transitioning the Transport Sector
The Paris Agreement targets require a complete global decarbonization of the transport sector by mid-century.[2] However, in contrast to their general emission trends, carbon emissions from the transport sector have increased in both the U.S. and Germany since 1990.[3] This undermines the emission reduction achievements in other sectors.
The decarbonization of the transport sector calls for a comprehensive approach, including technological advancements, digitalization, policy and regulatory innovation, as well as significant behavioral changes.[4] Switching to electric or more efficient vehicles will not suffice. Germany and the U.S. will have to change their basic approach to mobility. This task is complicated by the fact that car ownership is deeply entrenched in the countries’ cultures. To Americans and Germans alike, fossil fuel automobiles are still a symbol of socio-economic status and freedom. Electric vehicles or ride-sharing passengers only rarely make an appearance in a Hollywood movie or the German “Tatort.”
The challenge is thus daunting. But the good news is: Technology and social innovations are available to quick-start sustainable mobility, economic co-benefits are involved and seizing the well-established transatlantic ties for this endeavor bears interesting advantages.
Rethinking Mobility as a Transatlantic Opportunity
Transatlantic disagreements on climate protection are well known. Creating a sustainable transport sector, however, surpasses climate protection. It fosters competitive industries. Cities in Asia as well as Germany and the U.S. are struggling with air pollution issues that produce a vast demand for low-emission transport technologies. Automakers in Germany and the U.S. will need to address this demand in order to avoid losing out to Chinese competitors. As hubs for public-private partnerships on research and development as well as technological innovation, the transatlantic partners are well positioned to be important players in the low-carbon vehicles market.
Transatlantic leadership and innovation must also encompass further sustainable mobility solutions. The current political situation limits opportunities for federal government cooperation on this matter. Subnational actors, however, can assume leadership. It is the many urban areas that are confronted with the challenges of population growth, air quality, and infrastructure modernization demands. This calls for approaches to reduce automobile use and shift toward more sustainable modes of transportation. Some measures may include improvements in public transit and improving infrastructure to allow for more walking and biking.[5] Others may target improvements in digital information services related to traffic and stronger support for shared mobility.[6] It will be an important task for cities to make such transitions socially sustainable, ensuring that sustainable mobility does not exclude citizens with low incomes. These sustainable mobility efforts help reduce carbon emissions and research suggests that this has further co-benefits such as improving air quality and individuals’ quality of life as well attracting innovative businesses.[7]
Cities like Frankfurt, Munich, New York, and San Francisco are pursuing such sustainable mobility transitions. It is worth supporting further network building among active cities, for instance through initiatives like ICLEI or Cities for Mobility. Strong networks foster exchange of knowledge and best practices on (financial) incentive structures, policies, and regulation and thereby act as a driver of innovation.
The transatlantic partners should not miss the opportunity to assume leadership in a sustainable mobility transition. As early movers on technology and infrastructure change, they can benefit from export opportunities and serve as models. This can help achieve the important task that developing countries set up transport systems that are much more sustainable than those in industrialized countries.
Sonja Thielges is a research associate at the Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS) in Potsdam. She is a participant in AGI’s project “A German-American Dialogue of the Next Generation: Global Responsibility, Joint Engagement,” sponsored by the Transatlantik-Programm der Bundesrepublik Deutschland aus Mitteln des European Recovery Program (ERP) des Bundesministeriums für Wirtschaft und Energie (BMWi).
The views expressed are those of the author(s) alone. They do not necessarily reflect the views of the American-German Institute.
[1] https://www.giz.de/fachexpertise/downloads/giz2017-en-ndcs-sectoral-implementation-transport.pdf
[2] https://www.unenvironment.org/resources/emissions-gap-report-2016
[3] http://www.umweltbundesamt.de/daten/verkehr/emissionen-des-verkehrs#textpart-1; https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/sources-greenhouse-gas-emissions https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2017-02/documents/2017_chapter_2_trends_in_greenhouse_gas_emissions.pdf
[4] https://www.agora-verkehrswende.de/12-thesen/
[5] https://www.agora-verkehrswende.de/12-thesen/
[6] http://blog.iass-potsdam.de/2017/09/less-diesel-cargo-bike-sharing/
[7] Helgenberger, Sebastian and Martin Jänicke (2017): Mobilizing the co-benefits of climate change mitigation. Connecting opportunities with interests in the new energy world of renewables, IASS Working Paper, Potsdam.
